Открытое письмо некоммерческих организаций по борьбе со СПИДом

Сегодня Mednovosti.ru публикуют открытое обращение международных и российских некоммерческих организаций по борьбе со СПИДом, таких как «СПИД Фонд Восток Запад», Фонд Фокус-Медиа, РОО «Сообщество людей, живущих с ВИЧ».

Открытое письмо
некоммерческих организаций в связи с готовящейся рекламной кампанией по борьбе со СПИДом в Москве

30 марта на сайте РИА Новости появилось сообщение о том, что в мае 2005 года в Москве будет проведена информационная кампания по борьбе со СПИДом, главными посланиями которой станут «Здоровая семья – защита от СПИДа» и «Безопасного секса не бывает». В Московской городской Думе нам подтвердили, что эта акция инициирована депутатами, и в настоящий момент готовится тендер для рекламных агентств.

Мы, нижеподписавшиеся международные и российские некоммерческие организации, имеющие успешный опыт по разработке, проведении и оценке информационных кампаний, понимаем неотложность мер, которые должны быть предприняты, и поддерживаем инициативу Московской городской Думы.

Однако, мы выражаем обеспокоенность возможным противоречием планируемых посланий основным принципам, принятым в международной практике 1.

Динамические тенденции течения эпидемии ВИЧ/СПИДа в столице, отраженные в Материалах из доклада Российского института стратегических исследований «ВИЧ/СПИД в России: тенденции, проблемы, меры противодействия» за 2005 год, говорят о том, что «в целом тенденция роста роли полового пути заражений характерна для России. Однако в Москве эта тенденция проявила себя более отчетливо: в 2004 году, по сравнению с 2001 годом, доля ВИЧ-инфицированных половым путем выросла с 16,8 процентов до 51,4 процентов»2. Отчет также показывает, что возрастной состав людей, живущих с ВИЧ, не изменился (20–29 лет) и налицо устойчивый рост доли инфицированных женщин. Следовательно, необходимо продолжение профилактических программ, направленных на предотвращение полового пути передачи ВИЧ/СПИДа.

Приведенные выше тенденции необходимо иметь в виду при разработке информационных кампаний. В тот момент, когда молодые люди решают, вступать им в сексуальные отношения или нет, они должны иметь доступ к достоверной информации. Призыв к воздержанию не следует использовать вместо или противопоставлять важному утверждению о том, что презервативы являются надежным и эффективным средством защиты. Молодым людям, принимающим положительное решение о вступлении в сексуальные отношения, необходима корректная информация о методах защиты от инфицирования ВИЧ, ИППП и нежелательной беременности. А для сексуально активной молодежи использование презервативов является самым эффективным способом защиты.

Информационные кампании по безопасному сексуальному поведению, проводимые на территории Российской Федерации, положительно повлияли на изменение поведения. Об этом свидетельствуют следующие цифры: заболеваемость сифилисом снизилась на 18,5 процента в 2003 году по сравнению с 2002 и на 16,6 процента в 2004 по сравнению с 2003; заболеваемость гонореей снизилась на 16,8 процента в 2003 году и на 3 процента в 2004. Ежегодно уменьшается количество нежелательных беременностей, о чем свидетельствует снижение числа абортов: в 2003 году этот показатель снизился на 5,9 процента по России и на 13,9 процента по Москве.

Информационная кампания «Безопасного секса не бывает» может привести к неправильному пониманию основных путей передачи ВИЧ и способов предохранения. Лозунг «Безопасного секса не бывает» может сформировать представление о том, что презервативы не защищают от ВИЧ и инфекций, передающихся половым путем, и спровоцирует отказ от использования презерватива. Это также может привести к возрождению мифа о порах в презервативе, которые пропускают вирус иммунодефицита человека, – мифа, развеянного многочисленными исследованиями3.

Кроме того, по этическим соображениям, такая контрреклама недопустима в социальном секторе.

Информационная кампания – это очень мощный инструмент воздействия на большое количество людей. Поэтому мы призываем авторов этой информационной инициативы, правительство Москвы, депутатов Московской городской Думы, Московский городской центр профилактики и борьбы со СПИДом, а также рекламные агентства и других участников подойти к реализации этой кампании более обдуманно. Ведь последствия неправильного, неточного и недостаточного информирования могут быть самыми трагическими. Не использование опыта, наработанного в ходе предыдущих информационных кампаний и проведенных исследований, может стать упущенной возможностью.

Со своей стороны мы готовы оказать информационную поддержку инициаторам кампании и предоставить результаты ранее проведенных нами исследований для возможной совместной разработки максимально продуктивных информационных кампаний.

Адриана Геердина ван де Браак,
исполнительный директор «СПИД Фонд Восток Запад»

Евгения Алексеева,
директор Фонд Фокус-Медиа

Манана Асламазян,
генеральный директор Интерньюс

Дмитрий Самойлов,
председатель координационного совета РОО «Сообщество людей, живущих с ВИЧ»

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